水利发展研究

乌梁素海承担着黄河水量调节、水质净化、防凌防汛等重要功能，对黄河生态安全具有重要影响，更是我国北方重要的生态安全屏障。20世纪90年代以后，乌梁素海水体遭受严重污染，水质恶化，生态功能逐渐丧失。近年来，为恢复乌梁素海的生态功能，水利部积极贯彻习近平总书记关于乌梁素海的重要指示批示精神，高度重视并大力推动乌梁素海生态治理工作，地方多个行业主管部门多措并举，实施了系统治理措施，取得了较好的成效，但对标“Ⅲ类水”的治理目标仍存在一定差距。文章总结乌梁素海的水生态治理措施，评价分析当前的水质情况；指出乌梁素海生态治理仍存在的问题，并分析原因，从采取必要的工程措施、改扩建引水通道、遏制农田面源污染、维持水量和流动性等方面提出具体可行的对策建议，对乌梁素海生态功能恢复具有一定的指导意义。

Wuliangsu Lake plays an important role in regulating the water volume, purifying water quality, and preventing ice and flood disaster in the Yellow River. It has a significant impact on the ecological security of the Yellow River, and it is also an important ecological security barrier in Northern China. After the 1990s, the water body of Wuliangsu Lake su-ffered from severe pollution, water quality deteriorated, and ecological functions gradually lost. In recent years, in order to restore the ecological function of Wuliangsu Lake, the Ministry of Water Resources has actively implemented the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on Wuliangsu Lake, attached great importance to and vigorously promoted the ecological governance work of Wuliangsu Lake. Local industry regulatory departments have taken multiple measures and implemented systematic governance measures with remarkable results. However, there is still a certain gap compared to the water governance target of “Class III”. This article summarizes the water ecological governance measures of Wuliangsu Lake and evaluates and analyzes the current water quality situation, points out the existing problems in the ecological governance of Wuliangsu Lake, analyzes the reasons, and proposes specific and feasible measures and suggestions from the aspects of taking necessary engineering measures, renovating and expanding water diversion channels, curbing non-point source pollution in farmland, maintaining water volume and mobility, etc., which have certain guiding significance for the ecological function restoration of Wuliangsu Lake.